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The Death Orientation of nursing students in Korea and China

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KMID : 1003320080080010001
ÀÌÁø¼÷ ( Li Zhen-Shu ) - ¿¬º¯ÀÇ°úÇÐÇÐȸ¿¬Çջ繫½Ç ¿¬º¯°£È£»çÇùȸ

ÃÖÈ­¼÷ ( Choe Wha-Sook ) - ÀÌÈ­¿©ÀÚ´ëÇб³ Àӻ󺸰ǰúÇдëÇпø

Abstract

¸ñÀû: Çѱ¹°ú Áß±¹ °£È£´ëÇлýÀÇ Á×À½ÀǽÄÀ» Á¶»çÇÏ¿© Á×À½±³À°°úÁ¤¼³°è¿¡ °£È£´ëÇлýÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ» °í·ÁÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÌ ¹Ý¿µµÇµµ·Ï ±â¿©ÇÏ°í °£È£±³À° ¹× ÀÓ»ó°£È£ÀÇ ÁúÀû Çâ»ó¿¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ´Â ÀڷḦ Á¦°øÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

¹æ¹ý: º» ¿¬±¸´Â 2007³â 3¿ù19ÀϺÎÅÍ 3¿ù23ÀÏ »çÀÌ¿¡ Çѱ¹ E´ëÇб³ °£È£´ëÇлý 248¸í°ú Áß±¹ Y´ëÇб³ °£È£´ëÇлý 244¸í ÃÑ 492¸íÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ÃøÁ¤µµ±¸´Â Thorson°ú Powell(1988)ÀÇ Á×À½Àǽĵµ±¸¸¦ ¹Ú¼®Ãá(1992)ÀÌ ¹ø¾ÈÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇß´ø µµ±¸¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¼öÁýµÈ ÀÚ·á´Â SPSS(12.0)Åë°è ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Àü»êó¸® ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ½Ç¼ö, ¹éºÐÀ², Æò±Õ, Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷´Â ±â¼úÅë°è ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, Cronbach Alpha Coefficient, ¿äÀκм®, t-test, ANOVA ¹× ȸ±ÍºÐ¼® µîÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

°á°ú: 1. Çѱ¹ °£È£´ëÇлýÀº ¹Ý¼öÀÌ»ó(58.5%)ÀÌ Á¾±³°¡ Àִµ¥ ºñÇØ Áß±¹ °£È£´ëÇлýÀº °ÅÀÇ Á¾±³¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù(93.9%). Á×À½°æÇèÀÌ Çѱ¹ °£È£´ëÇлý(66.9%)º¸´Ù´Â Áß±¹ °£È£´ëÇлýÀÌ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù(76.6%). »çÈļ¼°èÀ¯Çü¿¡¼­ Çѱ¹ °£È£´ëÇлýÀº ¡¯»ç¶÷ÀÌ Á×À¸¸é õ±¹À̳ª Áö¿ÁÁßÀÇ ÇÑ°÷À¸·Î °£´Ù¡¯°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ Á¦ÀÏ ¸¹¾Ò°í(27.3%), ¡¯»ç¶÷ÀÌ Á×À¸¸é ¾î¶»°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÎÁö Åë ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù¡¯°¡ 2À§·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù(22.9%). Áß±¹ °£È£´ëÇлýÀº ¡¯»ç¶÷ÀÌ Á×À¸¸é ¾î¶»°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÎÁö Åë ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù¡¯°¡ Á¦ÀÏ ¸¹°í(30.3%), ¡¯»ç¶÷ÀÌ Á×À¸¸é ±×°ÍÀ¸·Î ³¡ÀÌ°í »çÈļ¼°è´Â Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¡¯°¡ ±× ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î ¸¹¾Ò´Ù(29.5%). 2. Á×À½ÀǽÄÀº Çѱ¹ °£È£´ëÇлýÀÌ Æò±Õ 2.36Á¡, Áß±¹ °£È£´ëÇлýÀÌ Æò±Õ 2.50Á¡À¸·Î Á×À½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿°·Á, ºÒ¾È, µÎ·Á¿òÀÌ Áß°£¼öÁØÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç Áß±¹ °£È£´ëÇлýÀÌ Çѱ¹ °£È£´ëÇлýº¸´Ù ³ô¾Ò´Ù(t=3.51,p=.000). 3. Çѱ¹ °£È£´ëÇлýÀÇ Á×À½ÀǽÄÀº ¿¬·É(t=3.20, p=.002), Á¾±³(t=2.56, p=.011), »çÈļ¼°è(F=4.64, p=.000)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åµµ¿¡ µû¶ó À¯ÀÇÇÑ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ³ªÅ¸³µÀ¸¸ç, Á×À½ÀǽĿ¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â¿©µµ´Â »çÈļ¼°èº¯¼ö°¡ ¼ö·®È­¹üÀ§ 0.735(p=.000)·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. Áß±¹ °£È£´ëÇлýÀÇ Á×À½ÀǽÄÀº ¸ðµç º¯¼ö¿¡¼­ À¯ÀÇÇÑ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.

°áf·Ð: º» ¿¬±¸ÀÇ °á°ú, ³»¼¼¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ´ë»óÀÚÀÇ Á×À½ÀǽÄÀÌ Á¦ÀÏ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀ̹ǷΠ¿µÀû°£È£ÀÇ Çʿ伺ÀÌ °­Á¶µÈ´Ù. ÇÑÆí Áß±¹ °£È£´ëÇлýÀº Çѱ¹ °£È£´ëÇлýº¸´Ù Á×À½À» ´õ ÀǽÄÇÏ°í Á×À½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿°·Á, ºÒ¾È, µÎ·Á¿òÀÌ ´õ ³ô°Ô ³ªÅ¸³µÀ¸¹Ç·Î °£È£±³À°°úÁ¤ÀÇ ºñ±³°ËÅ並 ÅëÇØ Çѱ¹ÀÇ Á×À½±³À°³»¿ëÀ» Âü°íÇÏ°í Áß±¹ÀÇ Á¤Ä¡, ¹®È­¿Í »çȸÁ¦µµ¿¡ ¾Ë¸ÂÀº Á×À½±³À°À» ÇØ¾ß µÈ´Ù°í ÇÏ°Ú´Ù. Á×À½ÀǽÄÀº »çÈļ¼°è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åµµ°¡ °¡Àå Å©°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¿¬±¸¿Í ±³À° ¹× ½Ç¹«¿¡ Àû¿ëÀ» Á¦¾ðÇÑ´Ù.

Perpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of death between Korean and Chinese nursing students. And it will help develop curriculum for preparing death, the quality of hospice care, as well as nursing education and practice.

Methods: Data was collected from 492 nursing students participated(248 Korean and 244 Chinese) by questionnaire designed for examining Death Orientation (Thorson & Powell, 1988). They were analyzed using Cronbach¡¯s Alpha coefficients, factor analysis, t-test, ANOVA and regression analysis (SPSS; win 12.0 version)

Results: More than half of the Korean nursing students followed a religion (58.5%) while the majority of Chinese nursing students did not follow a religion (93.9%). In the view of the afterlife, nursing students in China had two views. ¡¯I really don¡¯t know what happens after a person dies (30.3%)¡¯ and ¡®There is no afterlife and death is the end (29.5%)¡¯. On the other hand the Korean nursing students¡¯ answer were, ¡¯After dying, a person goes to heaven or hell (27.3%)¡¯ and ¡¯I really don¡¯t know what happens after a person dies. (22.9%)¡¯ The study also found that the average of 25 items in Death Orientation is 2.36points of nursing students in Korea and 2.50points of nursing students in China. This means that the concern, anxiety and fear were of the middle level for the Chinese Students and were higher than Korean students (t=3.51, p=.000). In the low factor of death orientation, those in Korea had higher ¡¯anxiety of burden to family¡¯ than those in China (t=-3.50, p=.001). The nursing students in China had higher ¡¯anxiety of the unknown (t=4.96, p=.000)¡¯, ¡¯fear of suffering (t=6.88, p=.000), ¡¯fear of extinction body and life (t=5.20, p=.000), ¡¯fear of lost self-control(t=2.12, p=.034)¡¯, and ¡¯anxiety of future existence and nonexistence (t=2.33, p=.020)¡¯ than those in Korea. There was no statistically significant difference for the ¡¯concern of body and fear of identity lost¡¯ category. The death orientation of Korean nursing students had statistically significant differences according to age (t=3.20, p=.002), religion (t=2.56, p=.011), and afterlife (F=4.64, p=.000). The contribution of Death Orientation had a statistically significant difference, the afterlife variable (0.735, p=0.001). The death orientation of Chinese nursing students did not have any statistically significant differences.

Conclusion: In conclusion, there were differences in death orientation between Korean and Chinese nursing students. In particular, those who believed in afterlife showed acceptance of death. The results of this study suggest that nursing curricula should include education program on death and spiritual nursing. Additional studies are needed to establish death education in China with careful considerations on Chinese policies, cultures and social systems.
KeyWords

The Death Orientation, nursing students in Korea and China
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